Articles for the Topic "Labour Market Integration"

Aboriginal Post-Secondary Education and Labour Market Outcomes

2009-02-17T01:57:41

Looks at the education of registered Indians, others of Aboriginal ancestry, and other Canadians, and looks at how this impacts on the employment of those groups. It shows that Aboriginals have a lower level of education than other Canadians and that they are much less likely to be employed. Registered Indians are more likely than others of Aboriginal ancestry to complete their education, or to be employed. Also looks at the fields of studies chosen by Aboriginal youth, and compares Aboriginal rates from those of 1991. Also looks at their level of dependence on government transfers.

Canada's colour coded labour market: The gap for racialized workers

2011-03-21T12:25:36

On the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination a new report by the Wellesley Institute and the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives reveals that despite an increasingly diverse population, Canada’s racialized income gap shows a colour code is still at work in Canada’s labour market. Canada’s Colour Coded Labour Market draws on 2006 Census data to compare work and income trends among racialized and non-racialized Canadians. It’s among the more comprehensive post-Census studies on this issue to date. “We found that during the heyday of Canada’s pre-recession economic boom, racialized Canadians were more willing to work, but experienced higher levels of unemployment and earned less income than non-racialized Canadians,” says co-author Grace-Edward Galabuzi, CCPA board member and Ryerson University professor. “The distribution of work tells a disturbing story: Equal access to opportunity eludes many racialized Canadians.” Co-author Sheila Block, Director of Economic Analysis at the Wellesley Institute, says racialized Canadian workers earned only 81.4 cents for every dollar paid to non-racialized Canadian workers – reflecting barriers in Canada’s workplaces. “The work racialized Canadians are able to attain is more likely to be insecure, temporary and low paying,” Block says. “Despite an increasingly diverse population, a colour code is firmly in place.” Among the study’s findings: • In 2006, during the boom years, racialized Canadians had an unemployment rate of 8.6 per cent, as compared to 6.2 per cent for non-racialized Canadians. • On average, non-racialized Canadian earnings grew marginally (2.7%) between 2000-2005 – tepid income gains considering the economy grew by 13.1%. But the average income of racialized Canadians declined by 0.2%. • Racialized workers are over-represented in industries with precarious low-paid jobs; they are under-represented in public administration, and more likely to work in the hard-hit light manufacturing sector. • The colour code contributes to much higher poverty levels: In 2005, 19.8% of racialized families lived in poverty, compared to 6.4% of non-racialized families.

Doing Well by Doing Good: Analysis of the Business Case for Private Sector Engagement in Homelessness

2012-10-02T06:35:49

The purpose of this project was to identify and document the economic rationale for private sector organizations to become engaged in the prevention and reduction of homelessness. The Homelessness Partnering (HP) Secretariat has sought to identify and describe examples where there is a “business case” for private businesses to engage in activities connected to homelessness, its prevention, or to employ homeless or near"homeless persons. The Secretariat seeks a report that summarizes actual experience in a way that provides some lessons and insights that they might then use to more broadly stimulate this type of activity for further private sector engagement. This research was conducted by utilizing the research team’s extensive network of contacts in Canadian municipalities, not"for"profit/charitable agencies, shelters, foundations and business organizations. The initial stage of the research focused on a broad survey of contacts in the homeless shelter system, community agencies responding to homelessness, municipal contacts and known business sector contacts identified in ongoing activities of the HP Secretariat.

Homeless youth need more than low-paying employment to succeed

2010-02-03T10:05:02

The public often sees homeless youth as criminals who use crime, violence, and intimidation as a way to make money and support drug habits. In reality, homeless youth use flexible economic strategies that include a number of legal, deviant, and illegal activities to meet basic needs of food, shelter, and clothing. Most homeless youth prefer a stable job, but are forced to turn to crime for their income.

Improving the Labour Market Success of Poorly Integrated New Entrants (PINEs) in Canada

2013-05-21T05:02:03

Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSDC) contracted with the Canadian Career Development Foundation (CCDF) to compile an inventory of national and international programs/policies that have been developed to assist Poorly Integrated New Entrants (PINEs) to transition into the labour market. PINEs is a relatively new term and was defined by the OECD, in their report Off to a Good Start? Jobs for Youth (2010), as “young people [who] often have qualifications (diplomas or degrees); they frequently go back and forth between temporary jobs, unemployment and/or inactivity, even during periods of strong economic growth”.6 This report provides a literature review on this population and an inventory of policies and practices which could enhance their labour market integration. The impetus for looking at this particular group of youth came from recognizing the expanding numbers of unemployed youth worldwide. Youth who are at-risk of un- and underemployment have expanded beyond those who have typically been the focus of research, policy and programming (those who have left school without a credential). Research is now highlighting the growing population of PINEs. While there is a continued need to focus on school leavers as they remain most vulnerable to being left behind, researchers, program developers and policy-makers are beginning to also look at PINEs, questioning their rise in the current economy, the barriers that they are facing in making their school-to-work transition and what can be done to support their labour market entry. Compare youth as a whole, there is relatively little data on this group internationally and even less in Canada. This report is the first examination of this group in Canada beyond the OECD research, “Jobs for Youth in Canada” in 2008. Much of the research concerning this group is European or US-based and so too are the programs and policies developed to help this group. This research report looks at a range of international and national initiatives targeted towards this group of youth. It is hoped that this project report will increase our understanding of how policies and program provision can help PINEs, specifically those in Canada, tackle the barriers preventing them from accessing employment commensurate with their education and career goals. This report hopes to provide a valuable reference for those working to support all youth including PINEs.

Labour market integration of immigrants in Quebec: a comparison with Ontario and British Columbia

2013-05-21T05:02:03

In 2010, the unemployment rate among immigrants aged 15 to 64 was 12.4% in Quebec, compared to 10.4% in Ontario and 8.8% in British Columbia. The ratio of the unemployment rates of immigrants to those of the Canadian born was 1.7 in Quebec, 1.3 in Ontario, and 1.2 in British Columbia. The economic turmoil of recent years has had a greater impact on immigrants than on the Canadian born: Nation-wise, between 2008 and 2010 the unemployment rate of the former increased by 2.7 percentage points and that of the latter by 1.7 points. This deterioration is observed in all three of the provinces we examined - especially in British Columbia, where the unemployment rate of immigrants rose by 3.9 percentage points between 2008 and 2010. In Ontario, the unemployment rate of immigrants increased by 2.8 percentage points during the same period, versus only 1.2 percentage points in Quebec. The unemployment rate differential between immigrants to Quebec and British Columbia shrank dramatically between 2006 and 2010, from 7.9 to 3.6 percentage points. This trend is the result of a marked deterioration in the situation of immigrants on the B.C. labour market.

Making Money-Exploring the Economy of Young Homeless Workers

2009-02-17T01:57:41

Three hundred and sixty homeless youth in Toronto, Canada were asked to report how they made money in order to survive. Income generation among this marginal population was conceptualized by fusing theory and research in the fields of the informal economy and the "underclass" and sociological criminology. While economic activity was found to be flexible, our analysis also reveals that work on the street is stratified on the basis of worker backgrounds and job/situational conditions. In terms of policy, our key them in this paper is that successful strategies to move young people off the streets cannot rest simply on low paying employment as a solution.

NGO and Private Sector Partnerships: A Framework for success

2012-10-02T06:46:53

In today’s world, it is vitally important to address the challenge of youth poverty, as more than 200 million youth live in extreme poverty according to the 2005 United Nations World Youth Report. Street Kids International is committed to significantly reducing this unacceptably high number. Street Kids International is a non-governmental organization (NGO) based in Canada and the United Kingdom. Since 1988, the organization has assisted vulnerable youth around the world who find themselves unemployed, out of school, and often homeless. Street Kids trains youth and youth workers on topics of street business and street health so they are able to make positive choices and explore opportunities to better their lives.

Street Youth Labour Market Experiences and Crime

2009-02-17T01:57:41

"The research explores how homeless street youths labour market experiences and interpretations of unemployment are linked to criminal behavior. Using interviews with a sample of 200 male street youth, the data suggest that these youths become alienated from the labour market because of negative experiences in their jobs." PUBLISHED ABSTRACT: ProQuest

The initiation of homeless youth into the street economy

2009-06-15T06:28:48

Homeless youth (HY) who lack employment in the formal economy typically turn to the street economy (e.g., prostitution, drug selling) for survival. Guided by the theory of social control, the present paper explores factors influencing HY's initiation into the street economy. Eighty HY (ages 15–23) were recruited from four community-based organizations. All participated in structured interviews and 25% participated in qualitative interviews. Almost all HY had participated in the street (81%) and formal economies (69%). Five main factors simultaneously influenced initiation into the street economy: social control/bonds, barriers to the formal economy (e.g., homelessness, educational deficits, mental health problems, incarceration, stigma), tangible and social/emotional benefits of the street economy, severe economic need, and the active recruitment of HY into the street economy by others. Qualitative and quantitative data sources were congruent. Intervention efforts are needed at multiple levels of influence to promote HY's success in the formal economy.

The Plight of Young Workers

2012-03-09T11:42:03

• The economic recovery has been almost non-existent for younger Canadians (those aged 15-24 years). They accounted for more than half of all net job losses during the recession and employment still stands some 250,000 below its pre-recession peak. In contrast, jobs held by those over the age of 25 years are more than 400,000 above its level prior to the downturn. • Compared with previous generations of younger workers or those elsewhere in the world, things might not look so grim. However, today’s youth face some significant challenges. • The fact of the matter is that new Canadian graduates will face challenging labour market conditions for several more years – as is always the case for those most vulnerable in the labour market.

Trusting Potential: The Benefits and How-To of Hiring People with Lived Experience of Homelessness

2012-10-02T06:39:21

Between December 2009 and March 2010, Change Toronto held 3 half-day focus groups with representatives of the social service sector including directors, frontline staff and service users who have an interest in finding work in the sector. Each of these sessions, facilitated by Track Strategic Consultation and Implementation, provided an opportunity to determine the challenges to hiring people with lived experience, potential solutions and actions that can be taken to create more inclusive organizations. Reports were prepared from each of these sessions.